虽爆出安全漏洞 Zoom 创始人财富增至 565 亿元

胡润研究院 4 月 6 日发布《疫情两个月后全球企业家财富变化特别报告》显示，受新冠肺炎疫情影响，过去两个月，全球百强企业家的财富损失共计达 2.6 万亿元人民币，财富蒸发了 13%，这相当于过去两年半所创造的财富总值。

财富增长的企业家全部来自中国

百强企业中的前十强损失 1.4 万亿人民币，占到财富蒸发总值的近一半。

亚马逊创始人杰夫·贝佐斯仍然是世界首富，但财富减少了 500 亿人民币，目前财富价值约 9300 亿人民币。路易酩轩集团 LVMH 主席伯纳德·阿诺特近两月财富缩水最多，损失了 2000 亿人民币，目前拥有财富价值约 5500 亿人民币。此外，巴菲特等企业家近两个月财富损失也超过千亿人民币。

百强中只有 9 位企业家的财富在过去两个月里有所增长，而且他们全部来自中国。

视频会议平台 Zoom 的创始人，50 岁的袁征近两月财富增长最快，增幅达到 77%，财富增至 565 亿人民币。

此外，腾讯董事局主席马化腾首次和阿里巴巴创始人马云共同成为中国首富，两人财富都为 2900 亿人民币。恒瑞医药和翰森制药董事长孙飘扬夫妇超过许家印和李嘉诚，以 2020 亿人民币排名第三。呼吸机制造商迈瑞创始人 58 岁的徐航近两月财富增长 26%，达到 950 亿人民币。过去两个月，中国前十强企业家损失 2890 亿人民币，但远低于全球企业家的损失。百强中国企业家人数 29 人，美国 34 人，差距进一步缩小。

胡润百富董事长兼首席调研官胡润表示：「中国是相对的赢家，中国股市比美国和欧洲股市更能抵御病毒的影响。在新冠病毒暴发之前，我们在全球找到 2816 位十亿美元企业家，两个月后的今天，随着全球股市的财富蒸发，这个数字已经下降了 20%。」

Zoom 今年股价接近翻番

Zoom 去年 4 月上市，上市近一年，目前股价相较 IPO 发行价翻了三倍多。

疫情期间全球居家办公催生视频会议的需求是 Zoom 股价暴涨的主要原因。

移动应用数据分析公司 App Annie 的数据显示，在 3 月 15 日至 3 月 21 日的一周内，Zoom 下载量激增，美国增加了 14 倍；英国增加了 20 倍；法国增加了 22 倍；德国增加了 17 倍。这可能意味着目前全球约有 2 亿人在使用 Zoom，是竞争对手微软 Teams 的近三倍。

根据美国贝尔斯登研究公司的分析，假设从今年起，Zoom 有 75% 的新增活跃用户转换为付费用户，而且保留至少一年，那么该公司可以获得高达 1.4 亿美元的增量收入。

Zoom 的早期投资人包括高通创投、雅虎创始人杨致远以及视频公司 WebEx 创始人苏布拉·埃亚等。2017 年红杉资本向 Zoom 投资了 1 亿美元。

被曝安全漏洞

不过 Zoom 的巨大成功也遭到挑战。

日前该公司被曝出安全漏洞，直接导致近 5 个交易日股价大跌超过 15%。本月初，SpaceX 和 NASA 突然表示将禁用 Zoom，理由是「严重的隐私和安全问题」。

美国相关部门随后称在开放的云存储中发现了上万个 Zoom 视频，这些视频有些涉及个人隐私和企业机密。美国联邦调查局也就 Zoom 网络教室和电话会议频遭「劫持」警告用户，不要将 Zoom 的视频会议公开或者共享链接。

对此，Zoom 在一份声明中承认，有关 Zoom 会议使用端到端加密的说法失实，公司正在努力使用这种加密技术。

袁征也已就漏洞问题向公众道歉，并承诺在 3 个月内修复这些漏洞。他表示：「如果不能把 Zoom 变成世界上最安全的平台，在接下来的几年会考虑开源 Zoom 的代码。」

Zoom 对安全问题的忽视与其在研发上投入力度不足有关。在最近一次接受采访时，公司 CFO 斯塔伯格表示，即便面对突如其来的「流量高峰」，高管们也没有考虑因为使用量激增而引入新的技术。

根据 Zoom 公布的 2020 财年报告，尽管过去 2020 财年在研发方面的支出比上一个财年翻番，达到 6700 万美元，但是与 2020 财年 6.2 亿美元的营收相比，研发占比仅十分之一。相较于业务稳定的大公司，初创公司的研发比例一般要更高，比如美国软件科技上市公司 Zendesk 和 Hubspot 的研发占营收比例超过 20%，PaaS 服务商 Atlassian 的研发占比更是超过 40%。

相较于同业务竞争对手 Avaya、思科和微软等企业， Zoom 的最大的优势是成本优势，其大部分产品的开发人员都位于中国。Zoom 上市前的募股说明书显示，公司在中国多个研发中心拥有 500 多名员工，约占其劳动力总数的 30%、非美籍员工总数的 70%，这为 Zoom 节省了很大一部分人力成本开支。
In April 6th, the novel coronavirus pneumonia special report released by the Hurun Research Institute in April 6th showed that the total wealth loss of the 100 hundred entrepreneurs in the past two months amounted to 2 trillion and 600 billion yuan and 13% of the wealth loss, which is equivalent to the total value of wealth created by two and a half years.
The entrepreneurs of wealth growth all come from China
Among the top 100 enterprises, the top 10 lost 1.4 trillion yuan, accounting for nearly half of the total value of wealth evaporation.
Amazon founder Jeff Bezos is still the richest man in the world, but the wealth has been reduced by 50 billion yuan. At present, the value of wealth is about 930 billion yuan. Bernard Arnault, chairman of LVMH group, lost the most wealth in recent two months, losing 200 billion yuan, and now has about 550 billion yuan worth of wealth. In addition, entrepreneurs such as Buffett lost more than 100 billion yuan of wealth in the past two months.
Only nine of the top 100 entrepreneurs have seen their wealth grow in the past two months, and they all come from China.
Yuan Zheng, 50, founder of the video conference platform zoom, has seen the fastest growth in wealth in recent two months, up 77%, to 56.5 billion yuan.
In addition, Ma Huateng, chairman of Tencent’s board of directors, and Ma Yun, founder of Alibaba, became the richest people in China for the first time, both of whom have a fortune of 290 billion yuan. Sun piaoyang and his wife, chairman of Hengrui pharmaceutical and Hansen pharmaceutical, surpassed Xu Jiayin and Li Jiacheng, ranking the third with RMB 2020 billion. Xu hang, 58, founder of ventilator maker Mindray, has seen a 26% increase in wealth in recent two months, reaching 95 billion yuan. In the past two months, China’s top 10 entrepreneurs have lost 289 billion yuan, but far less than the loss of global entrepreneurs. The number of top 100 Chinese entrepreneurs is 29, and the number of American entrepreneurs is 34. The gap is further narrowed.
“China is a relative winner, and the Chinese stock market is more resistant to the impact of the virus than the US and European stock markets,” said Hurun, chairman and chief research officer of Hurun Baifu. Before the outbreak of the new coronavirus, we found 2816 billion US dollar entrepreneurs around the world. Two months later, as the wealth of the global stock market evaporated, the number has dropped by 20%. “
Zoom’s share price nearly doubled this year
Zoom went public in April last year, nearly a year ago, and its stock price has more than tripled compared with the IPO price.
During the outbreak, the demand for video conference generated by global home office was the main reason for the soaring stock price of zoom.
According to app Annie, a mobile app data analysis company, in the week from March 15 to March 21, zoom downloads surged, 14 times more in the US, 20 times more in the UK, 22 times more in France and 17 times more in Germany. This may mean that there are about 200 million people using zoom around the world, nearly three times as many as Microsoft teams.
According to the analysis of Bear Stearns research company, assuming that 75% of the new active users of zoom will be paid users from this year, and will be retained for at least one year, the company can earn up to $140 million in incremental revenue.
Early investors in zoom include Qualcomm venture capital, Yang Zhiyuan, founder of Yahoo, and Subra eya, founder of WebEx, a video company. Sequoia capital invested $100 million in zoom in 2017.
Exposed security vulnerability
However, the great success of zoom is also challenged.
A few days ago, the company was exposed to a security breach, which directly led to the stock price plummeting by more than 15% in the past five trading days. Earlier this month, SpaceX and NASA suddenly said they would disable zoom because of “serious privacy and security issues.”.
U.S. authorities later said tens of thousands of zoom videos were found in open cloud storage, some of which involved personal and corporate secrets. The FBI also warned users about frequent “hijackings” of zoom’s online classrooms and teleconferences, and not to make zoom’s video conferences public or share links.
In response, zoom admitted in a statement that it was untrue to say that it used end-to-end encryption for its meetings, and the company is trying to use this encryption technology.
Yuan Zheng has also apologized to the public for the leaks and promised to fix them within three months. “If we can’t make zoom the safest platform in the world, we will consider open source zoom code in the next few years,” he said. “
Zoom’s neglect of safety is related to its insufficient investment in research and development. In a recent interview, CFO Steinberg said that even in the face of sudden “peak traffic”, executives did not consider introducing new technologies because of the surge in usage.
According to the report on fiscal year 2020 released by zoom, although the expenditure on R & D in the past fiscal year 2020 has doubled to US $67 million compared with the previous fiscal year, the proportion of R & D is only one tenth compared with the revenue of US $620 million in fiscal year 2020. Compared with large companies with stable business, the R & D ratio of start-ups is generally higher. For example, the R & D ratio of Zendesk and hubspot, the US software technology listed companies, accounts for more than 20% of the revenue, and that of atlas, the PAAS service provider, accounts for more than 40%.
Compared with other competitors such as Avaya, Cisco and Microsoft, the biggest advantage of zoom is cost advantage. Most of its product developers are located in China. According to the prospectus before the IPO of zoom, the company has more than 500 employees in multiple R & D centers in China, accounting for about 30% of its total labor force and 70% of its non-U.S. employees, which saves a large part of its labor cost.